13m Displaced As Sudan War Enters Third Year

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This image grab taken from AFPTV video footage on April 20, 2023, shows an aerial view of black smoke rising above the Khartoum International Airport amid ongoing battles between the forces of two rival generals. (Photo by AFP)

Sudan’s civil war has displaced 13 million people, the United Nations reported Monday, as the conflict between the army and paramilitary Rapid Support Forces enters a third year.

“The conflict has provoked the displacement of 13 million people, including 8.6 internally displaced people and 3.8 million refugees,” said Abdourahouf Gnon-Konde of the UN refugee agency in an interview with AFP.

The war, which erupted on April 15, 2023, has left tens of thousands dead, pushed parts of Sudan into famine and fractured the country into warlord-run territories.

(FILES) This picture taken on September 17, 2023 shows a raging fire at the Greater Nile Petroleum Oil Company Tower in Khartoum. (Photo by AFP)

On the eve of the war’s second anniversary, nowhere are the stakes more evident than in Darfur, where the RSF launched a new offensive last week to capture El-Fasher — the last major city in the vast western region still under army control.

The assault began Thursday and raged until Sunday morning, targeting El-Fasher and nearby displacement camps, including Zamzam and Abou Shouk both of which have been struck by famine.

The UN, citing “credible sources”, said more than 400 people have been killed in the latest violence.

By Sunday, RSF forces claimed control over Zamzam. Since then, around 400,000 people have been displaced from the camp, the UN’s International Organization for Migration said.

Doctors Without Borders said about 10,000 people fled to Tawila, nearly 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of El-Fasher, within 48 hours to escape shelling.

The civilians, mostly women and children, arrived “in an advanced state of dehydration and exhaustion and reporting horrific violence”, said the international medical charity.

(FILES) Patients are hooked to dialysis machines in a ward at Gedaref Nephrology Hospital in eastern Sudan on January 1, 2024. (Photo by AFP)

‘Relentless nightmare’

The RSF stepped up its attacks on El-Fasher shortly after the army regained control of Khartoum, about 1,000 kilometres to the east, last month.

The war has effectively divided Sudan in two, with the army holding the north and east while the RSF controls much of Darfur and, with its allies, parts of the south.

Germany’s foreign minister, Annalena Baerbock, described the conflict as “the greatest humanitarian catastrophe of our time,” highlighting the widespread destruction, starvation and sexual violence.

“Entire regions have been destroyed, hundreds of thousands of families are fleeing, millions of people are starving, and women and children are being subjected to the most horrific sexual violence,” she added.

Soldiers of the Sudanese army or affiliated forces pose for a picture while pumping their fists at the damaged presidential palace after recapturing the complex from RSF paramilitaries in Khartoum on March 21, 2025. (Photo by AFP)

Baerbock’s remarks came ahead of an international conference in London on Tuesday to discuss the war’s devastating impact.

Mirjana Spoljaric, president of the International Committee of the Red Cross, said civilians in Sudan were “trapped in a relentless nightmare of death and destruction” after two years of war.

The UN Fact-Finding Mission warned “the darkest chapters of this conflict have yet to unfold”, amid rising ethnic violence and reprisals across the country.

“As Sudan enters into its third year of conflict, we must reflect on the catastrophic situation in Sudan and honour the lives of all Sudanese who have been lost or changed forever,” said Mohamed Chande Othman, the mission’s chair.