Business
Corruption Hinders Trade and Investment Growth in Nigeria — US Report
The United States government has stated that corruption continues to pose a major obstacle to trade and investment in Nigeria.
In its latest 2025 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, the Office of the United States Trade Representative said corruption and lack of transparency in tender processes are of great concern to U.S. companies.
“U.S. firms experience difficulties in day-to-day operations as a result of inappropriate demands from officials for ‘facilitative’ payments.
“Efforts to strengthen anticorruption measures have been hampered by inter-ministerial infighting and partisan politics.
“Questions also remain regarding the Nigerian justice system’s capacity to achieve convictions and appropriate sentencing for corruption-related crimes.”
It also faulted Nigeria for the continued delay in approving import permits for American agricultural products, describing the situation as a longstanding trade barrier that has hindered access to the Nigerian market.
It said that despite repeated efforts to secure market access, Nigeria had not acted on several pending requests concerning food and agricultural imports from the US.
The US National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers stated, “Since 2019, the United States has sought to negotiate import permits for the export of several categories of US food and agricultural products. Nigeria has been slow to approve these requests.” Festival, Nigeria, Ghana facing brain drain, others
The USTR noted that Nigeria’s weak capacity to review certificates, inspect goods, and conduct testing had contributed to long clearance delays, forcing many traders to rely on informal channels.
It also criticised Nigeria’s lack of consistency in applying sanitary and phytosanitary rules, saying this had created confusion among exporters.
“Nigeria is not consistent in the implementation of technical regulations and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which can create confusion and undermine compliance,” it said.
The US government also took issue with Nigeria’s complex and restrictive import regime. It noted that while the country’s average Most-Favoured Nation applied tariff rate stood at 12 per cent in 2023, agricultural products attracted 15.9 per cent, and non-agricultural goods 11.4 per cent.
The report added that Nigeria imposes several supplementary charges that significantly raise the effective rate paid by importers.
“Nigeria maintains a combined duty plus other associated import fees of 50 per cent or more on 79 tariff lines. These include 17 tariff lines on which the combined duty plus other associated import fees reach or surpass the 70 per cent limit set by ECOWAS,” the report said.
It also criticised Nigeria’s continued import bans on 25 product categories, including poultry, beef, spaghetti, fruit juice in retail packs, used vehicles over 12 years old, soaps, and certain alcohols, describing them as barriers to trade.
“The Nigeria Customs Service continues to ban the import of 25 different product categories,” it added.
The report pointed to systemic problems in Nigeria’s customs administration, including corruption, manual processes, and inconsistent interpretation of trade rules.
“Importers report inconsistent application of customs regulations; lengthy clearance procedures, often due to outdated manual processing systems; and corruption,” the USTR stated.
It noted that although the Federal Government approved a $3.1bn customs modernisation project in 2020 to automate processes, the project had suffered delays and was now the subject of legal disputes.
On public procurement, the USTR said US companies face difficulties accessing government contracts due to a lack of transparency and contract payment issues.
It added that agencies often failed to comply with procurement guidelines, despite the requirement for a “Certificate of ‘No Objection’ to Contract Award” from the Bureau of Public Procurement.
“Nigerian Government agencies do not always follow procurement guidelines,” the report said. “Foreign government-subsidised financing arrangements appear in some cases to be a crucial factor in the award of government procurements.”
While acknowledging the passage of the Copyright Act, 2022, and other intellectual property reforms, the report said enforcement remained poor.
“Counterfeit goods, including pharmaceuticals, automotive parts, and other consumer goods, remain widely available in Nigeria and often threaten the health and safety of consumers,” it stated.
The USTR also raised concerns over digital trade restrictions, noting that the National Information Technology Development Agency Guidelines require all data concerning Nigerian citizens to be stored within the country.
It said these localisation rules, though not rigorously enforced, created uncertainty for businesses.
It noted that the Finance Acts of 2020 and 2021 introduced new taxes on digital services provided by foreign companies to Nigerian consumers.
“US companies have expressed concerns about the impact of the tax,” the report said.
It further criticised restrictions in Nigeria’s reinsurance and advertising sectors, including prohibitions on foreign participation in oil and gas risk reinsurance, and mandatory advertising registration with the Advertising Regulatory Council of Nigeria.
On foreign exchange, the report stated that despite the Central Bank of Nigeria’s move to unify exchange rates in 2023 and lift restrictions on access to forex for 43 previously barred items, challenges remained.
“Companies report that the approval process for the repatriation of funds remains a significant barrier to investment by US entities, as it is frequently subject to delays and denials,” it said.
It disclosed that out of an estimated $7bn in forex backlogs, only $4.6bn had been cleared by the CBN as of March 2024, while $2.4bn was still under review.
The USTR described Nigeria’s main ports, particularly Apapa in Lagos, as some of the most expensive globally, citing congestion, infrastructure issues, and maritime insecurity.
“The 30-day average delay to clear a container ship makes Apapa in Lagos among the most expensive ports for shipments from the United States,” it noted.
“While acknowledging the Federal Government’s establishment of the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy and its efforts to enhance port efficiency, the report concluded that trade barriers and investment restrictions remain widespread in Nigeria.”
One month after launching Season 5 of its flagship 5 for 5 Rewards campaign, Wema Bank has rewarded 273 customers with a total of ₦17.96 million, demonstrating the strong early impact of its refreshed customer rewards platform and reinforcing its commitment to rewarding everyday banking.
Launched on May 2, 2026, as part of the Bank’s 81st anniversary celebration, this season of the campaign introduced a more structured and inclusive rewards framework designed to encourage positive financial habits while recognising customer loyalty across the Youth, Women and Mass Market segments.
The season opened with a special anniversary activation at Ikeja City Mall, where 81 customers received ₦81,000 each, resulting in ₦6.56 million in rewards on launch day. Since then, the campaign has continued to reward customers through daily and monthly draws, with an additional 192 winners emerging within the first month.
Across the Youth segment, 37 students have received rewards worth ₦4.4 million, including 20 students who received ₦50,000 PocketMoni rewards and 17 university students who received ₦200,000 each in Tuition Support.
The Women segment also recorded strong participation, with 12 customers receiving ₦150,000 each through the #SelfCare category, while the Mass Market segment recorded the highest number of winners. Within the first month, 120 customers received daily cash rewards, and 23 customers won ₦200,000 each in the monthly draw, bringing total rewards in the category to ₦5.2 million.
Commenting on the campaign’s early impact, Wema Bank’s Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Moruf Oseni, said; “At Wema Bank, we believe loyalty should be rewarded in ways that are meaningful, transparent and accessible. The response to Season 5 of the 5 for 5 Rewards campaign has been encouraging, and seeing hundreds of customers benefit within just one month reinforces our belief that everyday banking should create everyday opportunities.
Beyond rewarding transactions, we are encouraging positive financial habits while delivering real value to our customers. He added; “This is only the beginning. With more reward categories, more winners and more opportunities still ahead, we remain committed to creating meaningful impact for our customers and ensuring more Nigerians experience the value of banking with Wema.”
Customers can participate by opening or reactivating a Wema Bank account, funding it with a minimum of ₦5,000, maintaining an average monthly balance of ₦5,000, and completing at least five transactions every month using the ALAT app, Wema or ALAT cards, or *945#.
With over ₦170 million earmarked for rewards between May and December 2026, thousands more customers are expected to benefit as the campaign continues, reaffirming Wema Bank’s commitment to rewarding loyalty, promoting positive financial behaviour and delivering value beyond banking.
The Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) has warned that plans to significantly increase excise duties on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) could threaten a sector responsible for about 33 per cent of the nation’s manufacturing output and over 1.5 million direct and indirect jobs.
In a statement on Tuesday, Director General of MAN, Segun Ajayi-Kadir, speaking on behalf of operators in the Non-Alcoholic Drinks (NAD) sector, urged the Federal Government to adopt a balanced, evidence-based and coordinated approach to excise taxation.
The warning follows proposals contained in the Customs and Excise Tariff etc. (Consolidation) Act Amendment (CETA) Bill 2025, which seeks to replace the current specific excise rate of N10 per litre on sugar-sweetened beverages with a percentage levy based on retail prices.
Ajayi-Kadir said the proposed measure, if implemented, could undermine industrial growth, job creation, investor confidence and broader macroeconomic stability.
According to him, the non-alcoholic drinks industry remains one of the most resilient segments of Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, supporting extensive value chains across production, logistics, agriculture, retail and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).
“The sector currently accounts for approximately 33 per cent of manufacturing output and sustains over 1.5 million direct and indirect jobs. Any fiscal policy that significantly increases the tax burden on the industry will have far-reaching consequences across the economy,” he said.
Ajayi-Kadir noted that manufacturers in the sector already remit between 40 and 45 per cent of their gross revenues in taxes, placing them close to the upper limit of sustainable taxation.
While acknowledging government efforts to address non-communicable diseases (NCDs), he argued that policy interventions should reflect Nigeria’s consumption realities and be guided by empirical evidence.
He stated that Nigeria’s annual per capita sugar consumption stands at about 7.1 kilogrammes, which is within levels recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO), adding that beverages account for only a small proportion of overall sugar intake.
“There is no conclusive empirical evidence identifying sugar-sweetened beverages as the primary driver of non-communicable diseases in Nigeria, which are widely recognised as being influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, lifestyle, environment and broader dietary habits,” he said.
The MAN DG further expressed concern that the proposed amendment could conflict with the recently introduced Fiscal Policy Measures (FPM) 2026–2028 framework, creating uncertainty for investors and weakening medium-term industrial initiatives such as the Nigeria First Policy and the Nigeria Sugar Master Plan (NSMP II).
He also argued that introducing a retail price-based excise system alongside the existing per-litre charge would create legal, administrative and enforcement challenges, given that Nigeria’s current excise framework is based on ex-factory or ex-warehouse pricing.
Ajayi-Kadir urged the government to pursue a coherent and predictable excise regime that supports revenue generation and public health objectives without jeopardising industrial growth, employment and economic stability.
Bitcoin dropped below $60,000 on Friday, its lowest level since October 2024, just before Donald Trump’s election which propelled it to a record high.
The currency fell by about 6 percent around 1615 GMT, to $59.7709, before paring its losses slightly.
The election of Trump, a staunch advocate of cryptocurrencies, to the White House in November 2024 for a second term sparked a wave of enthusiasm in the sector, sending the price of bitcoin soaring to nearly $110,000.
AFP
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