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Corruption Hinders Trade and Investment Growth in Nigeria — US Report

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The United States government has stated that corruption continues to pose a major obstacle to trade and investment in Nigeria.

 

In its latest 2025 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, the Office of the United States Trade Representative said corruption and lack of transparency in tender processes are of great concern to U.S. companies.

“U.S. firms experience difficulties in day-to-day operations as a result of inappropriate demands from officials for ‘facilitative’ payments.

“Efforts to strengthen anticorruption measures have been hampered by inter-ministerial infighting and partisan politics.

“Questions also remain regarding the Nigerian justice system’s capacity to achieve convictions and appropriate sentencing for corruption-related crimes.”

It also faulted Nigeria for the continued delay in approving import permits for American agricultural products, describing the situation as a longstanding trade barrier that has hindered access to the Nigerian market.

It said that despite repeated efforts to secure market access, Nigeria had not acted on several pending requests concerning food and agricultural imports from the US.

The US National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers stated, “Since 2019, the United States has sought to negotiate import permits for the export of several categories of US food and agricultural products. Nigeria has been slow to approve these requests.” Festival, Nigeria, Ghana facing brain drain, others

The USTR noted that Nigeria’s weak capacity to review certificates, inspect goods, and conduct testing had contributed to long clearance delays, forcing many traders to rely on informal channels.

It also criticised Nigeria’s lack of consistency in applying sanitary and phytosanitary rules, saying this had created confusion among exporters.

“Nigeria is not consistent in the implementation of technical regulations and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which can create confusion and undermine compliance,” it said.

The US government also took issue with Nigeria’s complex and restrictive import regime. It noted that while the country’s average Most-Favoured Nation applied tariff rate stood at 12 per cent in 2023, agricultural products attracted 15.9 per cent, and non-agricultural goods 11.4 per cent.

The report added that Nigeria imposes several supplementary charges that significantly raise the effective rate paid by importers.

“Nigeria maintains a combined duty plus other associated import fees of 50 per cent or more on 79 tariff lines. These include 17 tariff lines on which the combined duty plus other associated import fees reach or surpass the 70 per cent limit set by ECOWAS,” the report said.

It also criticised Nigeria’s continued import bans on 25 product categories, including poultry, beef, spaghetti, fruit juice in retail packs, used vehicles over 12 years old, soaps, and certain alcohols, describing them as barriers to trade.

“The Nigeria Customs Service continues to ban the import of 25 different product categories,” it added.

The report pointed to systemic problems in Nigeria’s customs administration, including corruption, manual processes, and inconsistent interpretation of trade rules.

“Importers report inconsistent application of customs regulations; lengthy clearance procedures, often due to outdated manual processing systems; and corruption,” the USTR stated.

It noted that although the Federal Government approved a $3.1bn customs modernisation project in 2020 to automate processes, the project had suffered delays and was now the subject of legal disputes.

On public procurement, the USTR said US companies face difficulties accessing government contracts due to a lack of transparency and contract payment issues.

It added that agencies often failed to comply with procurement guidelines, despite the requirement for a “Certificate of ‘No Objection’ to Contract Award” from the Bureau of Public Procurement.

“Nigerian Government agencies do not always follow procurement guidelines,” the report said. “Foreign government-subsidised financing arrangements appear in some cases to be a crucial factor in the award of government procurements.”

While acknowledging the passage of the Copyright Act, 2022, and other intellectual property reforms, the report said enforcement remained poor.

“Counterfeit goods, including pharmaceuticals, automotive parts, and other consumer goods, remain widely available in Nigeria and often threaten the health and safety of consumers,” it stated.

The USTR also raised concerns over digital trade restrictions, noting that the National Information Technology Development Agency Guidelines require all data concerning Nigerian citizens to be stored within the country.

It said these localisation rules, though not rigorously enforced, created uncertainty for businesses.

It noted that the Finance Acts of 2020 and 2021 introduced new taxes on digital services provided by foreign companies to Nigerian consumers.

“US companies have expressed concerns about the impact of the tax,” the report said.

It further criticised restrictions in Nigeria’s reinsurance and advertising sectors, including prohibitions on foreign participation in oil and gas risk reinsurance, and mandatory advertising registration with the Advertising Regulatory Council of Nigeria.

On foreign exchange, the report stated that despite the Central Bank of Nigeria’s move to unify exchange rates in 2023 and lift restrictions on access to forex for 43 previously barred items, challenges remained.

“Companies report that the approval process for the repatriation of funds remains a significant barrier to investment by US entities, as it is frequently subject to delays and denials,” it said.

It disclosed that out of an estimated $7bn in forex backlogs, only $4.6bn had been cleared by the CBN as of March 2024, while $2.4bn was still under review.

The USTR described Nigeria’s main ports, particularly Apapa in Lagos, as some of the most expensive globally, citing congestion, infrastructure issues, and maritime insecurity.

“The 30-day average delay to clear a container ship makes Apapa in Lagos among the most expensive ports for shipments from the United States,” it noted.

“While acknowledging the Federal Government’s establishment of the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy and its efforts to enhance port efficiency, the report concluded that trade barriers and investment restrictions remain widespread in Nigeria.”

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GHL Defeats First Bank As Supreme Court Rules On Tamara Tokoni Crude

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The Supreme Court has directed the immediate release of the crude oil aboard the FPSO Tamara Tokoni to General Hydrocarbons Limited, GHL, bringing a major legal dispute involving First Bank of Nigeria to a close.

 

In a unanimous judgment delivered on Friday, a five member panel of the apex court ruled that the matter was purely contractual and did not qualify as an admiralty dispute.

As a result, the court held that the Federal High Court lacked the jurisdiction to hear the case.

The Supreme Court consequently overturned the earlier judgment of the Court of Appeal and upheld General Hydrocarbons’ appeal.

The panel, comprising Justices Uwani Musa Abba Aji, Adamu Jauro, Emmanuel Agim, Tijjani Abubakar, and Habeeb Adewale Abiru, ordered the Chief Registrar of the Court of Appeal and the Admiralty Marshal to hand over the crude oil aboard the FPSO Tamara Tokoni to GHL without delay.

The ruling effectively settles the legal battle between General Hydrocarbons and First Bank of Nigeria over ownership and control of the crude cargo stored on the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel.

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Wema Bank Rolls Out Hackaholics 7th Edition In Big Offer For Youth

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Wema Bank, Nigeria’s oldest indigenous national bank, most innovative and pioneer of Africa’s first fully digital bank, ALAT, has announced the 7th edition of its flagship innovation initiative, Hackaholics.

 

The announcement was made at the official press conference which took place on July 1, 2026, at the Wema Bank Head Office in Lagos, Nigeria.

Launched in 2019, Hackaholics is Wema Bank’s youth and tech-focused initiative designed to serve as a platform for young Africans with creative, game changing, tech-driven ideas and products, to bring their ideas to life.

Since its launch, Hackaholics has discovered thousands of groundbreaking solutions, supported over 10,000 startups, engaged 50,000 participants, developed over 100 solutions from scratch and disbursed $500,000,000 in grant prizes to dozens of winners whose remarkable solutions have earned a top spot in the past 6 editions. With the launch of Hackaholics 7.0, Wema Bank is set to execute the biggest Hackaholics edition yet.

Themed “Powering Possibilities”, Hackaholics 7.0 will kick off with an open call for applications, calling on all young Africans with creative tech-driven solutions across any of the 7 verticals: Financial Inclusion, Healthcare, Digital Transformation, Education, Sustainability, Social Impact and Future of Work. Each application is to be made via the portal at hackaholics.wemabank.com, under one of three tracks: The Startup Pitch Competition, Hackathon and the newly introduced Social Impact track. Following the application window, Hackaholics 7.0 will then proceed on a national tour which will touch 10 pitch centres across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Each pitch centre will serve as a hub for innovators within the region to pitch their creative solutions and get the opportunity to secure the top spot in their pitch centre, and ultimately, proceed to the grand finale where the winners of Hackaholics 7.0 will be announced.

Speaking on the Bank’s inspiration behind Hackaholics’ exceptional seven-year journey, Wema Bank’s MD/CEO, Moruf Oseni, reiterated the Bank’s commitment to powering innovation, empowering youth and promoting economic growth in Africa. According to him, “At Wema Bank, we believe that institutions have a responsibility that extends beyond providing commercial services. We have a responsibility to create meaningful opportunities, provide the right resources, enable innovation to thrive, and support the ecosystems that will shape today’s youth as well as tomorrow’s economy. This sense of responsibility is what has driven the evolution of Hackaholics from inception till date. With Hackaholics, we have, and we are investing in the next generation of innovators, inspiring innovation that will impact lives, strengthening Nigeria’s innovation ecosystem and giving youth a platform to make meaningful use of their creativity; and the numbers continue to speak volumes”.

Declaring the application window open, Tajudeen Bakare, Wema Bank’s Divisional Executive, Business Support, added, “As we launch Hackaholics 7.0 today, we are opening up a new phase of opportunities for more Nigerian youth to challenge themselves, explore their creativity and become startup founders. I encourage every young Nigerian with a passion for innovation to leverage the opportunity that we have carefully curated through Hackaholics and get ahead of the curve in today’s dynamic work landscape. Together, we can continue to build an ecosystem where innovation flourishes, opportunities expand, and young people are empowered to create solutions that shape the future”.

Hackaholics 7.0 is free, and open to any Nigerian youth who has innovative ideas and solutions to pitch. Interested startups and innovators can apply at hackaholics.wemabank.com. All updates on the Hackaholics 7.0 journey will be made available on the Bank’s website @wemabank.com as well as its social media platforms @wemabank and @alat_ng.

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CBN Revokes Operating Licences Of 46 Microfinance Banks

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has  announced the revocation of the operating licences of forty-six microfinance banks.

According to a statement signed by the apex bank’s Acting Director of Corporate Communications, Hakama Sidi-Ali, the move takes immediate effect.

“The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has revoked the operating licences of forty-six (46) Microfinance Banks with effect from July 1, 2026, in accordance with its powers under Sections 12 and 13 of the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA), 2020,” the statement published on the CBN’s website read in part.

CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso approved the revocation following the banks’ failure to meet regulatory requirements for continued operation as licensed financial institutions.

“According to the revocation order, the action became necessary because of one or more of the circumstances listed below: i. Insufficient assets to meet liabilities; ii. Closure of operations without the CBN’s approval; iii. Inactivity and cessation of financial intermediation; iv. Failure to commence operations within 12 months of licence approval; and v. Failure to maintain minimum capital funds unimpaired by losses,” the bank said.

The revocation of the licences is part of the CBN’s ongoing efforts to safeguard the stability of the financial sector, protect depositors, and ensure that licensed institutions comply with current laws and regulatory requirements.

“The Central Bank of Nigeria remains committed to promoting a safe, sound, and resilient financial system and will continue to take appropriate supervisory and regulatory actions, where necessary, to maintain public confidence in the Nigerian financial system,” the bank added.

CBN Licence Revocation: See Full List Of Affected Microfinance Banks

Below is a full list of the microfinance banks with their operating licences revoked:

S/NO MFB NAME CATEGORY STATE
1 Minji-Se Churchill MFB Tier 1 Rivers
2 Merchant MFB Tier 2 Abia
3 Janmaa MFB Tier 1 Kwara
4 Busu MFB Tier 2 Niger
5 Gold MFB Tier 1 Lagos
6 Zain MFB (formerly Dawakin Tofa MFB) Tier 2 Kano
7 Bompai MFB Tier 1 Kano
8 Ajwa MFB (Formerly Gezawa) Tier 2 Kano
9 NOW NOW DIGITAL MFB Tier 2 Kano
10 Crystabel Microfinance Bank Tier 1 Bayelsa
11 Chanelle MFB State Lagos
12 Abia SME MFB Tier 1 Abia
13 Kamba MFB Tier 2 Kebbi
14 Iwade MFB Tier 2 Ogun
15 Winview MFB Tier 1 Abuja
16 Zuru MFB Tier 2 Kebbi
17 Minjibir MFB Tier 1 Kano
18 Shanono MFB Tier 2 Kano
19 Sumaila MFB Tier 2 Kano
20 Rimin Gado MFB Tier 2 Kano
21 Mwaghavul MFB State Plateau
22 Sycamore MFB Tier 2 Kano
23 TOFA MFB Tier 2 Kano
24 Safegate MFB Tier 1 Lagos
25 Creekline MFB Tier 2 Delta
26 Bestar MFB Tier 1 Oyo
27 Livingspring MFB Tier 1 Cross River
28 Apple MFB Tier 2 Ogun
29 Stanford MFB State Uyo (Akwa Ibom)
30 Frontline MFB Tier 2 Anambra
31 Zafec MFB Tier 2 Kaduna
32 Supreme MFB Tier 1 Lagos
33 Bejin-Doko MFB Tier 2 Niger
34 Kanopoly MFB Tier 1 Kano
35 Bellbank MFB (formerly Tsanyawa) Tier 2 Kano
36 Yeneng MFB Tier 2 Plateau
37 Creditville MFB Tier 1 Lagos
38 MBAG MFB Tier 1 Lagos
39 STRAIGHT SAHARA MFB Tier 1 Benue
40 OURPASS MFB Tier 2 Ondo
41 VERDANT MFB Tier 1 Lagos
42 BASAWA MFB Tier 2 Kaduna
43 CASHA MFB Tier 2 Abuja
44 ESTEEM MFB Tier 2 Kano
45 ENTERPRENEUR MFB Tier 1 Lagos
46 AVANTUS MFB Tier 2 Osun

 

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