Business
Corruption Hinders Trade and Investment Growth in Nigeria — US Report
The United States government has stated that corruption continues to pose a major obstacle to trade and investment in Nigeria.
In its latest 2025 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, the Office of the United States Trade Representative said corruption and lack of transparency in tender processes are of great concern to U.S. companies.
“U.S. firms experience difficulties in day-to-day operations as a result of inappropriate demands from officials for ‘facilitative’ payments.
“Efforts to strengthen anticorruption measures have been hampered by inter-ministerial infighting and partisan politics.
“Questions also remain regarding the Nigerian justice system’s capacity to achieve convictions and appropriate sentencing for corruption-related crimes.”
It also faulted Nigeria for the continued delay in approving import permits for American agricultural products, describing the situation as a longstanding trade barrier that has hindered access to the Nigerian market.
It said that despite repeated efforts to secure market access, Nigeria had not acted on several pending requests concerning food and agricultural imports from the US.
The US National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers stated, “Since 2019, the United States has sought to negotiate import permits for the export of several categories of US food and agricultural products. Nigeria has been slow to approve these requests.” Festival, Nigeria, Ghana facing brain drain, others
The USTR noted that Nigeria’s weak capacity to review certificates, inspect goods, and conduct testing had contributed to long clearance delays, forcing many traders to rely on informal channels.
It also criticised Nigeria’s lack of consistency in applying sanitary and phytosanitary rules, saying this had created confusion among exporters.
“Nigeria is not consistent in the implementation of technical regulations and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which can create confusion and undermine compliance,” it said.
The US government also took issue with Nigeria’s complex and restrictive import regime. It noted that while the country’s average Most-Favoured Nation applied tariff rate stood at 12 per cent in 2023, agricultural products attracted 15.9 per cent, and non-agricultural goods 11.4 per cent.
The report added that Nigeria imposes several supplementary charges that significantly raise the effective rate paid by importers.
“Nigeria maintains a combined duty plus other associated import fees of 50 per cent or more on 79 tariff lines. These include 17 tariff lines on which the combined duty plus other associated import fees reach or surpass the 70 per cent limit set by ECOWAS,” the report said.
It also criticised Nigeria’s continued import bans on 25 product categories, including poultry, beef, spaghetti, fruit juice in retail packs, used vehicles over 12 years old, soaps, and certain alcohols, describing them as barriers to trade.
“The Nigeria Customs Service continues to ban the import of 25 different product categories,” it added.
The report pointed to systemic problems in Nigeria’s customs administration, including corruption, manual processes, and inconsistent interpretation of trade rules.
“Importers report inconsistent application of customs regulations; lengthy clearance procedures, often due to outdated manual processing systems; and corruption,” the USTR stated.
It noted that although the Federal Government approved a $3.1bn customs modernisation project in 2020 to automate processes, the project had suffered delays and was now the subject of legal disputes.
On public procurement, the USTR said US companies face difficulties accessing government contracts due to a lack of transparency and contract payment issues.
It added that agencies often failed to comply with procurement guidelines, despite the requirement for a “Certificate of ‘No Objection’ to Contract Award” from the Bureau of Public Procurement.
“Nigerian Government agencies do not always follow procurement guidelines,” the report said. “Foreign government-subsidised financing arrangements appear in some cases to be a crucial factor in the award of government procurements.”
While acknowledging the passage of the Copyright Act, 2022, and other intellectual property reforms, the report said enforcement remained poor.
“Counterfeit goods, including pharmaceuticals, automotive parts, and other consumer goods, remain widely available in Nigeria and often threaten the health and safety of consumers,” it stated.
The USTR also raised concerns over digital trade restrictions, noting that the National Information Technology Development Agency Guidelines require all data concerning Nigerian citizens to be stored within the country.
It said these localisation rules, though not rigorously enforced, created uncertainty for businesses.
It noted that the Finance Acts of 2020 and 2021 introduced new taxes on digital services provided by foreign companies to Nigerian consumers.
“US companies have expressed concerns about the impact of the tax,” the report said.
It further criticised restrictions in Nigeria’s reinsurance and advertising sectors, including prohibitions on foreign participation in oil and gas risk reinsurance, and mandatory advertising registration with the Advertising Regulatory Council of Nigeria.
On foreign exchange, the report stated that despite the Central Bank of Nigeria’s move to unify exchange rates in 2023 and lift restrictions on access to forex for 43 previously barred items, challenges remained.
“Companies report that the approval process for the repatriation of funds remains a significant barrier to investment by US entities, as it is frequently subject to delays and denials,” it said.
It disclosed that out of an estimated $7bn in forex backlogs, only $4.6bn had been cleared by the CBN as of March 2024, while $2.4bn was still under review.
The USTR described Nigeria’s main ports, particularly Apapa in Lagos, as some of the most expensive globally, citing congestion, infrastructure issues, and maritime insecurity.
“The 30-day average delay to clear a container ship makes Apapa in Lagos among the most expensive ports for shipments from the United States,” it noted.
“While acknowledging the Federal Government’s establishment of the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy and its efforts to enhance port efficiency, the report concluded that trade barriers and investment restrictions remain widespread in Nigeria.”
Nigeria’s oldest indigenous bank, most innovative and pioneer of Africa’s first fully digital bank, ALAT Wema Bank, has released its FY 2025 Audited Financial Results, achieving record-breaking growth and unparalleled performance across several key metrics.
Key figures include the doubling of the Bank’s Profit Before Tax (PBT) from ₦102.5bn in FY 2024 to ₦221.9bn, an impressive 116.4% increase. Profit After Tax (PAT) also surged by 125.4% from FY 2024’s ₦86.2bn to ₦194.5bn. Total assets also reached the 5 trillion mark, with the attainment of ₦5.07tn, a 41.5% increase from FY 2024’s ₦3.59tn, reflecting a growingly resilient balance sheet. Gross earnings increased by 52.8% to ₦660.6 billion from ₦432.3 billion in FY 2024, a feat driven largely by a 62.7% growth in interest income, reflecting improved yields on earning assets and growth in the loan book.
Customer deposits grew by 30.3% to ₦3.29 trillion from ₦2.52 trillion in FY 2024, demonstrating sustained customer confidence. This growth in deposits provided stable funding for asset growth while supporting liquidity and balance sheet resilience. Net interest income more than doubled, rising by 103.9% to ₦361.0 billion, supported by improved asset pricing and balance sheet expansion. Non-interest income also grew modestly by 8.3% to ₦85.3 billion. Net loans and advances increased by 44.7% to ₦1.74 trillion, up from ₦1.20 trillion in FY 2024, thus reflecting Wema Bank’s continued support for key sectors of the economy while maintaining a disciplined risk management approach. Overall, Wema Bank is set to pay dividend per share of N1.25.
Commenting on the remarkable performance, Wema Bank’s Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, Moruf Oseni, reiterated the Bank’s unwavering commitment to sustaining its impressive growth momentum and delivering superior value to all stakeholders. According to him, “Wema Bank has delivered one of the strongest growth trajectories in its history. From a Profit Before Tax of ₦14.75 billion three years ago, we grew to ₦43.59 billion in 2023 and reached ₦102 billion in 2024. In 2025, we have taken an even bolder step forward, recording a Profit Before Tax of ₦221 billion. Our Total Assets, which hit the ₦1tn mark in 2021, surpassed ₦3tn in 2024, standing at a staggering ₦5tn as of FY2025. This overall performance not only speaks strongly of Wema Bank’s exceptional financial strength and capacity for sustained growth, but also reflects disciplined execution, a resilient business model, and the unwavering commitment of our people”.
“As of September 2025, Wema Bank successfully surpassed the ₦200bn recapitalisation minimum threshold for commercial banks with national authorisation. Our FY2025 Financial Results only corroborate what has become abundantly clear—Wema Bank is here not just to stay, but to lead the future of banking in Africa. Our 80th anniversary celebration in 2025 marked a fitting commemoration of our 80 years of impact in the finance industry and beyond. With the launch of ‘ALAT: The Evolution’, the upgraded version of our pioneering fully digital bank, ALAT, we not just redefining the digital banking experience with enhanced intelligence, personalisation and flexibility; we ushering Africa into a future filled with profound possibilities”, Oseni concluded.
Wema Bank is a leading financial services entity with banking operations across Nigeria and the globe, through its trailblazing innovative solution, Africa’s first fully digital bank, ALAT. From surpassing the recapitalisation benchmark set by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to maintaining an unparalleled growth trajectory over the past 5 years, Wema Bank has proven itself stronger than ever—numbers perpetually skyrocketing.
The Bank’s position as leading innovative bank further proves that it is not only able to meet the prevalent needs of its customers but also equipped to anticipate and meet evolving needs as digital banking continues to reshape the finance industry.
Wema Bank’s Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, Moruf Oseni
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
WEMA Bank Plc
Femi Akinfolarin (Head, Strategy & Investor Relations): +234 1 4622632 [email protected]
Bunmi Oladosu (Chief Finance Officer): +234 1 2778959 bunmi.oladosu@@wemabank.com
The Federal Government has unveiled a new leasing model aimed at replacing what it described as exploitative hire purchase arrangements for motorcycle and tricycle operators across the country.
The initiative, introduced through the Equipment Leasing Registration Authority in partnership with Century Information Systems Ltd. and the National Commercial Tricycle and Motorcycle Owners and Riders Association of Nigeria, is designed to improve access to vehicles while easing financial burdens on operators.
In a statement issued in Abuja on Thursday by the Head of Media and Corporate Communication of ELRA, Adebola Sunday, the agency said the model would provide a structured alternative to existing financing systems that have long disadvantaged riders.
Sunday quoted the Registrar and Chief Executive Officer of ELRA, Donald Wokoma, as describing the partnership as a major step toward promoting financial inclusion and economic empowerment within the informal transport sector.
“Leasing opens the door to economic participation for many who were previously excluded. By removing heavy upfront payment requirements and introducing structured repayment plans, operators can preserve capital, improve productivity, and increase daily earnings. It is a model that strengthens both individual livelihoods and the national economy,” he said.
He added that access to newer and better-maintained vehicles would help reduce breakdown-related losses and improve operational efficiency across the sector.
Also speaking, the Managing Director of Century Information Systems Ltd., Abdul Balarabe, said the programme would leverage technology-driven solutions to enhance safety and accountability.
According to the statement, Balarabe noted that advanced tracking systems would be deployed to monitor leased assets, curb theft, and improve recovery efforts.
Balarabe said the company would continue to onboard trade associations, cooperatives, and other stakeholders into the leasing ecosystem in order to expand access to structured financing and asset acquisition opportunities.
He urged interested organisations to engage with the company to begin the onboarding process.
In his remarks, the National President of NATOMORAS, Usman Gwoza, welcomed the development, describing it as long-awaited relief for members burdened by high-cost financing and unsustainable repayment terms.
Gwoza assured that the association would mobilise its members nationwide to participate in the scheme, adding that the model would promote dignity, stability, and financial independence among riders.
The move aligns with broader efforts by FG to deepen financial inclusion and formalise large segments of the informal economy, particularly the transport sector, which employs millions of Nigerians.
These conditions have limited operators’ ability to build equity, expand their businesses, or achieve long-term financial stability.
Nigeria’s Dangote refinery has boosted exports of petrol and urea to African countries hit by supply disruptions caused by the Iran war.
Aliko Dangote said on Monday that the 650,000-barrels-per-day refinery had helped cushion the full impact of the crisis both in Nigeria and across the continent.
“What I can do is assure Nigerians … and most of West Africa, Central Africa, and East Africa, we have the capacity to supply them,” Dangote said during a tour of the facility.
He said the refinery had shipped some 17 cargoes of gasoline to other African nations, and exports of urea fertiliser had also recently risen, as buyers sought alternative sources of supply.
“In the last couple of days, we’ve been looking to mostly African countries, which we were not doing before,” he said, referring to the fertiliser shipments, without giving figures.
The refinery has capacity to produce up to 3 million metric tons of urea annually, most of which is typically exported to the United States and South America, officials say.
Fuel prices in Nigeria have reached record-high levels, industry figures show, as maximum output from Dangote refinery has not offset the impact of high crude prices.
Dangote said the refinery hoped to get more crude cargoes priced in local currency to help curb fuel costs.
A Reuters report last week quoted two trade sources and a refinery official that the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) was allocating seven May cargoes to Dangote refinery, up from five in previous months.
Oil extended gains on Tuesday as a U.S.-imposed deadline for Iran to open the Strait of Hormuz or be “taken out” approaches.
President Donald Trump threatened to order attacks on Iranian bridges and power plants and to rain “hell” on Tehran if it fails to comply with his deadline of 8 p.m. EDT Tuesday (0000 GMT Wednesday) to reopen the strait.
About a fifth of the global oil supply is normally shipped through the Strait.
Brent crude futures rose $1.74, or 1.6%, to $111.51 a barrel by 0530 GMT, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures were up $3.45, or 3.1%, at $115.86.
On Sunday, OPEC+ agreed to a modest rise of 206,000 barrels per day for May. Saudi Arabia also set the official selling price of May Arab Light crude oil to Asia at a record premium of $19.50 a barrel, above the Oman/Dubai average, an increase of $17 from the previous month.
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