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India Awaits Election Results After Deluge Of Disinformation

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India’s six-week election was staggering in its size and logistical complexity, but also in the “unprecedented” scale of online disinformation.

 

The biggest democratic exercise in history brought a surge of false social media posts and instant messaging, ranging from doctored videos to unrelated images with false captions.

 

 

Raqib Hameed Naik, from the US-based India Hate Lab, said they had “witnessed an unprecedented scale of disinformation” in the elections.

 

 

“Conspiracy theories… were vigorously promoted to deepen the communal divide,” said Naik, whose organisation researches hate speech and disinformation.

 

 

With seven voting stages stretched over six weeks, AFP fact-checkers carried out 40 election-related debunks across India’s political divide.

 

There were fake videos of Bollywood stars endorsing the opposition and those purporting to show one person casting multiple votes.Some were crude or poked fun.

 

 

Others were far more sinister and sophisticated productions aimed to mislead deliberately.

All were widely shared.

– ‘Fear and animosity’ –

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came under fire for posts stoking sectarian tensions with India’s minority Muslim community of more than 200 million.

 

 

These included numerous videos, matching incendiary campaign speeches by Modi, falsely claiming his opponents were planning to redistribute India’s wealth in favour of Muslims.

 

 

Naik said such posts “aimed at stoking fear and animosity towards Muslims to polarise voters along religious lines”.

“The ruling party’s strategy of exploiting religious sentiments for electoral gain has not only undermined the integrity of the democratic process but also sowed dangerous seeds of division and hatred in society,” he said.

 

 

False information was detected across the political spectrum but the leader of the opposition Congress party, Rahul Gandhi, was one of the leading targets.

 

 

His statements, videos and photographs were shared on social media, but often incompletely or out of context.

 

 

One digitally altered video analysed by AFP used Gandhi’s real boast that the opposition alliance would triumph, but flipped it to say Modi would win a third term when the result is declared on Tuesday.

Others purported to show Gandhi falsely appealing to people to vote for Modi.

 

Among the more egregious examples were those falsely linking him to India’s rival neighbours, Pakistan and China.

 

 

Those included a photograph that claimed Gandhi was waving the “Chinese constitution” during an election rally. It was in fact that of India.

Other posts portrayed Gandhi, a Hindu, as being against India’s majority religion, capitalising on Modi’s efforts to cast himself as the country’s most staunch defender of the faith.

 

 

One video of a ruined Hindu temple, a real image from Pakistan, was widely shared.

However, the post falsely claimed it was from Gandhi’s constituency and that he was responsible for its destruction.

 

 

Another manipulated video falsely showed him refusing to accept a statue of a Hindu god.

One more claimed he was paying young people to support him on social media, when in reality he was talking about youth unemployment.

They were all widely shared by BJP supporters.

 

– Falling trust –

While political parties across the board have well-oiled digital outreach and social media teams, critics said the BJP’s sophisticated online campaign was driving posts.

 

 

Gandhi has alleged vast sums were “spent to distort my image” and blamed Modi’s party.

However, opposition parties also spread disinformation targeting the BJP and glorifying Congress.

 

 

Several digitally manipulated videos of two Bollywood actors criticising the BJP and appealing to the public to vote for the Congress party were published.

 

 

Social media users also shared an old video to falsely accuse the ruling party of tampering with an electronic voting machine to rig the election in its favour.

 

 

“Overall, trust in content itself is falling,” said Joyojeet Pal, an expert in the role of technology in democracy from the University of Michigan.

 

 

Pal told AFP that Indian social media users widely understood the prevalence of disinformation and doctored content during the election.

 

 

“So there is a very good chance that they do not believe the doctored content to be real,” he said.

 

 

“However, there is a good chance they will forward these anyway because they align with their beliefs.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AFP

 

 

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Transfer: Real Madrid , Cucurella Reach Verbal Agreement 

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Chelsea reliable defender, Marc Cucurella may join Spanish giant, Real Madrid before the end of the current transfer window.if information from transfer journalist, Fabrizio Romano are anything to go by.

 

Romano In a latest transfer update, said Real Madrid has reached verbal agreement to sign Marc Cucurella from Chelsea.

“Verbal agreement in place between all parties, player too — he’s the left back wanted by Mourinho” the update read.

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Ancelotti: Pressure Affected Brazil Against Morocco 

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Carlo Ancelotti felt Brazil were “anxious” in their World Cup opener against Morocco, as he suggested the pressure got to his players.

 

Brazil were largely underwhelming at New York New Jersey Stadium, as they opened their Group C campaign with a 1-1 draw.

World Cup 2022 semi-finalists Morocco made a fine start, which was capped off when Ismael Saibari charged through in the 21st minute and lofted a cute finish over Alisson.

With the unfit Neymar watching on from the bench, Vinicius Junior slammed home a brilliant equaliser 11 minutes later, but Brazil could not find a way through Morocco’s defence for a second time.

In fact, Brazil relied on a sharp double save from Alisson late on to preserve a point, and Ancelotti knows there is plenty of scope for improvement.

“I think it was a tough match, especially in the first half,” Ancelotti said, as reported by ESPN

“Maybe the team was a bit anxious, and the nerves were all over the place. The second half was better, but it was still tough, and I’m sure we’ll get better.

“I think that’s something we’ll have to look into.

“There’s a lot of pressure, so it’s natural. Little by little, we’ll improve in that sense.”

Brazil are, at least, unbeaten in their opening match in the last 21 World Cups dating back to 1938 (W17 D4).

It is the longest such streak in the history of the World Cup, more than twice as long as any other (Germany, Netherlands – nine straight).

“We have to reassess what we did,” Ancelotti added.

“In the first half, we were very unbalanced. We did a bit better in the second half. The result isn’t bad. You don’t win the World Cup in your first match.

“I’m not disappointed, but I’m not satisfied, either. We need to work, but that’s normal. Morocco played well. They’re a solid team, very well organised. It was a difficult game.

“For many different reasons, a debut in the World Cup might not end up as expected. The goal is to qualify, move on to the next round and improve over time.”

With uncertainty over how much Neymar will be able to contribute at this tournament, Brazil need Vinicius to step up, and the Real Madrid forward demonstrated his quality with a wonderful run and finish to restore parity.

It marked Vinicius’ 10th goal for Brazil, with three of those coming on American soil.

“We started on a really bad note,” Vinicius said. “For certain, we got to hold on to the ball. We have to move better.”

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Revealed: Why Yamal Lost Spain’s No.10 Shirt To Olmo At The Mundia

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According to The Athletic, Yamal will not wear the No. 10 jersey for Spain; it will belong to teammate Olmo.

 

Pelé, Diego Maradona, Zinedine Zidane, Messi, and Roberto Baggio have all delivered superstar-level performances at the FIFA World Cup.

What do they have in common? They all wore the No. 10 jersey at the time.

Historically, this number typically belongs to the most creative player on the team, usually an attacking midfielder, and sometimes even a forward. It is also part of a player’s personal brand, an honor reserved for a special type of player.

Spain is one of the favorites to win this summer’s North American tournament, and there is no bigger name in the squad than Yamal. But he will not wear the No. 10 for Spain; instead, he will wear No. 19, the same number he wore in the summer of 2024 when he helped Spain win the European Championship in Germany.

So, why can’t the 18-year-old, who wears this legendary number at Barcelona—a number most easily associated with the club’s all-time leading goal scorer and appearance record holder Messi—enjoy the same treatment with the Spanish national team?

Spain’s No. 10 this summer will be Olmo, who is also one of Yamal’s teammates at Barcelona.

Olmo wears No. 20 at Barcelona, but for the national team, a simple factor puts him ahead of the young player when deciding numbers: seniority.

Spain’s system for assigning squad numbers dictates that the player with the most national team appearances gets priority in choosing from available numbers.

Yamal has made 25 appearances for the national team since his debut in 2023; Olmo has 50 national team appearances and was already wearing the No. 10 before Yamal joined the Spanish squad.

Yamal has proven capable of handling the challenge of wearing the No. 10 at Barcelona. When Messi left the club in a painful manner in the summer of 2021, it left Barcelona with several issues to resolve, one of which was who would inherit the No. 10 and bear the pressure of the legacy left by the Argentinian.

Ansu Fati, one of the brightest talents to emerge from Barcelona’s La Masia academy in recent years, did not succeed. After Messi’s departure, he inherited the No. 10 but suffered multiple injuries and could not meet expectations.

Barcelona sources believe that giving the number to Fati was a mistake because it placed too much pressure on the young player. Like all quoted sources in this article, they requested anonymity to protect their relationships.

But Yamal’s situation is different. He took over Fati’s No. 10 last summer and hasn’t looked back since. Last season, he achieved his career-best statistics, scoring 24 goals and providing 17 assists in 45 games.

Not wearing the Spanish No. 10 has also not affected Yamal’s progress with the national team.

This is not seen as a problem, but rather as part of the young player’s development. Everyone in the Spanish squad understands the rules, and sources close to Yamal and the team insist that Yamal holds no resentment towards Olmo.

It can also be argued that, besides international recognition, there are commercial factors for jersey numbers that should not be overlooked. Giving Yamal the No. 10 would certainly boost sales of the Spanish team’s jerseys and bring a more significant commercial impact from the star player.

However, respect among teammates, especially for more senior players, is a key tenet for Spain’s coach Luis de la Fuente and the foundation of the culture he is building for this Spanish team.

No individual is important enough to be above this team spirit, not even Yamal. The young player is considered the most important attacking player for Spain and is highly respected in the locker room, but breaking the seniority policy to take a teammate’s number is simply not allowed in this team.

Gavi should also be mentioned. The 21-year-old player has primarily played as a central midfielder for Barcelona this season, even playing as a defensive midfielder, but he will wear No. 9 for Spain, a number more commonly associated with central forwards.

There’s a story behind this too. When Gavi made his Spain debut in 2021, No. 9 was the last available number when he chose.

That year, he made his debut in the Nations League semi-final win against Italy, with an impressive performance, and Gavi has stuck with that number ever since. Whenever the national team’s No. 9 is available, he always chooses it.

Spain’s starting forward Oyarzabal actually began his career as a winger, but he has always chosen No. 21 and decided to keep this number throughout his national team career.

Another forward included in Luis de la Fuente’s FIFA World Cup squad, Celta player Borja Iglesias, has 8 national team appearances, fewer than Gavi’s 30, so he cannot get the No. 9.

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